Abstract: The present study aims to know the flow patterns in two nanorefrigerants R600a / CuO and R410A / CuO throughout the forced boiling process in horizontal square pipes. Those are obtained using the thermophysical properties of the refrigerants R600a and R410A in state liquid and vapor, as well as the properties of the CuO nanoparticles. The analysis was carried out using two methods: analytical and numerical. The analytical method was established by formulas and correlations through scientific articles and books to find an improvement in the two-phase heat transfer, under the conditions at an inlet temperature of 8 ° C and with a quality range of 0 to 1. This allowed to verify that by adding nanoparticles to the refrigerant, the transition between the flow regimes increases progressively, while the quality of the vapor decreases. For the numerical method, the different transition limits are specified in a simulation process in the Ansys Fluent CFD Software, under established design conditions, which consequently increases the general efficiency of any refrigeration system.

Resumen: El presente estudio tiene como propósito identificar los patrones de flujo en los nanorefrigerantes R600a/CuO y R410a/CuO durante el proceso de ebullición forzada en tuberías cuadradas horizontales. Dichos patrones se obtienen empleando las propiedades termofísicas de los refrigerantes R600a y R410A en estado líquido y de vapor, así como, también las propiedades de las nanopartículas de CuO. El análisis se lo realizó mediante dos métodos: analítico y numérico. El método analítico se estableció mediante fórmulas y correlaciones a través de artículos científicos y libros para encontrar una mejora en la transferencia de calor de dos fases. El trabajo se llevo a cabo bajo las condiciones a una temperatura de entrada de 8 °C y con un rango de calidad de 0 a 1, comprobando que al añadir nanopartículas al refrigerante la transición entre los regímenes de flujo aumenta de manera progresiva, mientras que, la calidad de vapor reduce. Para el método numérico se procedió a especificar los diferentes límites de transición en un proceso de simulación en el Software CFD Ansys Fluent, bajo condiciones establecidas de diseño, lo que en consecuencia aumenta la eficiencia general de cualquier sistema de refrigeración.

ABSTRACT Myrmeleon (tribe Myrmeleontini) is the most successful genus within Myrmeleontidae in number of species. This is probably due to its pit-building behavior, a famous adaptation of antlion larvae but present only in a few genera of the family. In the Iberian Peninsula, where only two other genera are able to construct these traps (Euroleon in tribe Myrmeleontini and Myrmecaelurus in tribe Myrmecaelurini), five species of Myrmeleon are present: M. formicarius, M. gerlindae, M. inconspicuus, M. almohadarum and M. hyalinus. There are some useful characters to tell apart the larvae of these species using optical microscope, including the disposition of digging setae or some color spots. In this work, we study the type of setae on these species in their larval stage using SEM. The type of bristles, digging setae, and the rest of sensilla found are not different in shape, surface or structure between species. All of these confer them a great equipment in their psammophilous lifestyle.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar desfechos clínicos e fatores associados à mortalidade, com foco em infecções secundárias, em pacientes com COVID-19 em estado crítico em três hospitais brasileiros durante a primeira onda da pandemia. Métodos: Estudo observacional retrospectivo envolvendo pacientes adultos com COVID-19 internados nas UTIs participantes entre março e agosto de 2020. Analisaram-se características clínicas, comorbidades, fonte de infecção por SARS-CoV-2, dados laboratoriais, dados microbiológicos, complicações e causas de óbito. Os fatores associados à mortalidade hospitalar foram avaliados por meio de modelos de regressão logística. Resultados: Foram incluídos 645 pacientes com média de idade de 61,4 anos. Desses, 387 (60,0%) eram do sexo masculino, 12,9% (83/643) haviam sido submetidos a transplante de órgão sólido, e quase 10% (59/641) apresentaram infecção nosocomial por COVID-19. Durante a internação na UTI, 359/644 pacientes (55,7%) necessitaram de ventilação mecânica invasiva, 225 (34,9%) necessitaram de terapia renal substitutiva, 337 (52,2%) receberam vasopressores, e 216 (33,5%) apresentaram infecções hospitalares (IHs), causadas principalmente por bactérias Gram-negativas multirresistentes. As IHs associaram-se de forma independente a maior risco de óbito. As principais causas de óbito foram choque refratário e síndrome de disfunção de múltiplos órgãos, mas não SDRA, como relatado anteriormente na literatura. Conclusões: Neste estudo, a maior parte de nossa coorte necessitou de ventilação mecânica invasiva, e quase um terço apresentou IHs, que se associaram de forma independente a maior risco de óbito. Outros fatores relacionados à mortalidade foram Índice de Comorbidade de Charlson, SOFA na admissão e complicações clínicas durante a internação na UTI. A infecção nosocomial por COVID-19 não se associou à mortalidade. As principais causas imediatas de óbito foram choque refratário e síndrome de disfunção de múltiplos órgãos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate clinical outcomes and factors associated with mortality, focusing on secondary infections, in critically ill patients with COVID-19 in three Brazilian hospitals during the first pandemic wave. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study involving adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to one of the participating ICUs between March and August of 2020. We analyzed clinical features, comorbidities, source of SARS-CoV-2 infection, laboratory data, microbiology data, complications, and causes of death. We assessed factors associated with in-hospital mortality using logistic regression models. Results: We included 645 patients with a mean age of 61.4 years. Of those, 387 (60.0%) were male, 12.9% (83/643) had undergone solid organ transplant, and almost 10% (59/641) had nosocomial COVID-19 infection. During ICU stay, 359/644 patients (55.7%) required invasive mechanical ventilation, 225 (34.9%) needed renal replacement therapy, 337 (52.2%) received vasopressors, and 216 (33.5%) had hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), mainly caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. HAIs were independently associated with a higher risk of death. The major causes of death were refractory shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome but not ARDS, as previously reported in the literature. Conclusions: In this study, most of our cohort required invasive mechanical ventilation and almost one third had HAIs, which were independently associated with a higher risk of death. Other factors related to death were Charlson Comorbidity Index, SOFA score at admission, and clinical complications during ICU stay. Nosocomial COVID-19 infection was not associated with death. The main immediate causes of death were refractory shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The quality of life in people with a specific disease is a measure made up of physical, mental and social well-being, as perceived by each patient and group on various components of health. Objectives: To determine the related quality of life with health in people with diabetes mellitus when applying the Diabetes 39 instrument in a population of the Cuban capital. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, carried out in the office of the doctor and nurse of family # 16, of the Dr. Ángel Aballí teaching polyclinic, from the municipality of Old Havana, between September 2018 and May 2019 Previously, a panel of experts made a cultural adaptation of the Mexican version of questionnaire D39 to the Cuban context. The sample consisted of 138 people with diabetes mellitus. For the analysis of the data the appropriate statistical techniques were used according to the proposed objectives. Results: the average age was 60.48 ± 13.1 years. The female sex was the most represented (99; 71.74%). The median total score was 58.6 points. It was taken as a cut-off point (in points) to define better (<59) and worse (≥59) quality of life. Cronbach's alpha was high ≥0.7 for the 5 sections and the final score. There were no significant differences (p≥0.05) between the medians of the section scores with the final score of the questionnaire according to sex. Conclusions: There was a higher frequency of people with diabetes mellitus with an no adequate quality of life related to health.

RESUMEN Introducción: La calidad de vida en personas con una enfermedad en específico, esuna medida compuesta por el bienestar físico, mental y social, tal como lo percibe cada paciente y grupo sobre diversos componentes de la salud. Objetivo: Determinar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en personas con diabetes mellitusal aplicar el instrumento Diabetes 39 en una población de la capital cubana. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional, descriptivo y transversal, en el Consultorio del médico de la familia # 16, del policlínico docente Dr. Ángel A. Aballí, del municipio La Habana Vieja, entre septiembre de 2018 y mayo del 2019. Previamente, un panel de expertos realizó una adaptación cultural de la versión mexicana del cuestionario D39 al contexto cubano. La muestra estuvo constituida por 138 personas con diabetes mellitus. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron las técnicas estadísticas adecuadas según el diseño propuesto. Resultados: el promedio de edad fue de 60,5 ± 13,1 años. El sexo femenino fue el más representado (71,7 %). La mediana de puntuación total fue de 58,6 puntos. Se tomó como punto de corte (en puntos) para definir mejor (<59) y peor (≥59) calidad de vida. El alfa de Cronbach fue alto ≥0.7 para las 5 secciones y la puntuación final. No hubo diferencias significativas (p≥0,05) entre las medianas de las calificaciones por secciones con la puntuación final del cuestionario según sexo. Conclusiones: Existió una mayor frecuencia de personas con diabetes mellitus con una calidad de vida no adecuada.

ABSTRACT The species Lainius constellatus Navás is recorded for the first time from Mexico; thus this report represents the northernmost record of the genus and species for the Americas. In addition, it provides data on the variation in color marks and a description of the hypandrium internum. A brief summary of the distribution of the species belonging to the subfamily Apochrysinae is provided, with emphasis on the three American genera, which share distribution mostly in the Pacific domain of the Brazilian subregion, ranging from the Mexican transition zone to possibly the Chacoan subregion.

Abstract This research work presents a detailed description of the flow patterns maps generated in a horizontal pipe of the collector/evaporator of a direct-expansion solar-assisted heat pump, using R600a refrigerant as working fluid. The study was performed in a pipe with an internal diameter of 3.8 mm and a length of 1000 mm, mass velocities varying between 197.59 and 267.26 kg·m−2 ·s−1 and heat flux between 72.83 and 488.27 W·m−2 ; during the experimental tests, an incident solar radiation between 0 and 652.9 W·m−2 was present. The Wojtan, Ursenbacher and Thome correlation was considered for the analysis and the model used does not require iterative calculations; moreover, it carries out a detailed analysis of the different zones present along the pipe. The predominant zones in this study are intermittent, annular and dryout, found in the five tests, however, due to the working conditions in all tests with the exception of test A, mist and stratified-wavy flow were found.

Resumen En la presente investigación se detallan los mapas de patrones de flujo que se generan en una tubería horizontal de un colector/evaporador componente de una bomba de calor de expansión directa asistida por energía solar, utilizando el refrigerante R600a como fluido de trabajo. El estudio se realizó en una tubería de 3,8 mm de diámetro interno y 1000 mm de longitud, las velocidades de masa variaron entre 197,59 y 267,26 kg·m−2 ·s −1, el flujo de calor entre 72,83 y 488,27 W·m−2 , durante las pruebas experimentales se presentó una radiación solar incidente entre 0 y 652,9 W·m−2 . Se consideró para el análisis la correlación de Wojtan, Ursenbacher y Thome, el modelo utilizado no requiere de cálculos iterativos, además, plantea un análisis detallado de las diferentes zonas presentes a lo largo de la tubería, evidenciando una mayor precisión en los resultados. Las zonas predominantes en los resultados de este estudio son intermitente, anular y secado, encontrados en las cinco pruebas, sin embargo, por las condiciones de trabajo en todas las pruebas a excepción de la prueba A, se encontró el flujo niebla y estratificado-ondulado.

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: The rapid advance of Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has led to the incessant search for therapeutic and prophylactic measures to fight the pandemic. Because it is a viral infection, the safest long-term prophylactic form, in addition to social distance and hygiene, is the vaccine. OBJECTIVE: Thus, this study aimed at conducting a review of the efficacy and landscape of Covid-19 vaccines. METHODS: The following electronic databases were used MEDLINE via PubMed, SCIELO, LILACS, NEJM, and Clinical Trials. Our study includes the 7 vaccines (phase 3) that reported an efficacy rate for Covid-19, including characteristics inherent to each one of them. RESULTS: Preliminary studies have shown that, although an efficacy ≥70% is necessary to eliminate the infection, a prophylactic vaccine with efficacy <70% will still have an important impact and can contribute to the elimination of the virus, provided that appropriate measures of social distancing remain. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of the vaccines obtained in this study varied between 50.38 and 95%, data that may represent a reduction in serious cases, hospitalizations, sequels, and deaths caused by Covid-19, respecting the panorama presented in this article.

Resumo O texto faz parte de uma investigação qualitativa biográfico-narrativa que temos em curso, e que se processa mediante a obtenção de testemunhos de professores e investigadores que formam professores com o auxílio das TIC de modo a promover as competências de criatividade, colaboração, cooperação e comunicação, entendidas como essenciais para o desenvolvimento de uma educação integral, promotora da sustentabilidade curricular e da cidadania participativa. Neste artigo, damos conta da experiência de uma professora e investigadora, Cristina Arriaga Sanz, que se dedica à formação de professores no âmbito da Educação Musical no ensino superior espanhol, de que salientaremos a relação estreita com as aportações teóricas que apresentamos e com resultados anteriores obtidos por meio da nossa investigação.

Abstract The text is part of a qualitative biographical-narrative investigation in process, which proceeds by obtaining testimonies from teachers and researchers who train teachers with the help of ICT to promote the skills of creativity, collaboration, cooperation, and communication, understood as essential for the development of comprehensive education, promoting curricular sustainability and participatory citizenship. In this article, we report on the experience of a teacher and researcher, Cristina Arriaga Sanz, who dedicates her labor to teacher training in the field of Musical education in Spanish Higher Education, of which we will emphasize the close relationship of its contents with the theoretical contributions we present and with previous results obtained through our investigation.

Resumen La memoria semántica (SM) es un tipo de memoria a largo plazo asociada con el almacenamiento de información general sobre el mundo. Aquí evaluamos las características de la batería SM, desarrollada por Catricalà et al. (2013), en una muestra de niños colombianos. Esta batería fue concebida originalmente para evaluar adultos, y presenta seis subpruebas que evalúan SM en diferentes modalidades, utilizando un conjunto común de 48 estímulos en las categorías de vida y no vida. El diseño del presente estudio es de tipo transversal y exploratorio. La muestra estaba compuesta por 111 niños, 57 niños (51%) y 54 niñas (49%), que tenían 6 (n = 68) y 7 (n = 43 ) años y no tenían discapacidad intelectual. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión lineal robustos y redes de correlación. Encontramos un efecto de la edad en la inteligencia general después de corregir por género, y no hubo diferencias en las seis puntuaciones de la subprueba después de realizar correcciones por género y edad. Además, se encontró que la edad se asociaba positivamente con el nombramiento de fotografías en color (β = .75, p = .039), nombrando en respuesta a una descripción oral (β = 1.81, p = .039), clasificación de imágenes en cuatro niveles (β = 7.22, p = .029) y verificación de oraciones (β = 26.66, p = .01). Además, hubo diferencias entre los resultados obtenidos en adultos en el estudio original y en los niños de nuestro estudio. Este estudio exploratorio respalda la viabilidad de la traducción al español de Catricalà et al. (2013) batería para evaluar SM en niños con una condición no clínica. Se necesitan estudios futuros para evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de esta batería SM, y para corroborar y expandir nuestros hallazgos en una muestra más grande de niños control, y en niños con algún grado de discapacidad intelectual o que padecen algunas condiciones neurodegenerativas o psiquiátricas.

Abstract. Semantic memory (SM) is a type of long-term memory associated with the storage of general information about the world. Here we assessed the characteristics of the SM battery, developed by Catricalà et al. (2013), in a sample of Colombian children. This battery was originally conceived to evaluate adults, and features six subtests that assess SM in different modalities, using a common set of 48 stimuli in both living and nonliving categories. The design of the current study is of a cross-sectional and exploratory type. The sample was composed of 111 children, 57 boys (51%) and 54 girls (49%), who were 6 (n = 68) and 7 (n = 43) years old and had no intellectual disability. Robust linear regression models and correlation networks were used. We found an effect of age on general intelligence after correcting for gender, and no differences on the six subtest scores after corrections for gender and age were performed. Furthermore, age was found to be positively associated with the naming of colored photographs (β = .75, p = .039), naming in response to an oral description (β = 1.81, p = .039), picture sorting at four levels (β = 7.22, p = .029), and sentence verification (β = 26.66, p = .01). In addition, there were differences between the results obtained in adults in the original study and in the children of our study. This exploratory study supports the feasibility of the Spanish translation of the Catricalà et al. (2013) battery to assess SM in children with a nonclinical condition. Future studies are needed to evaluate the psychometric properties of this SM battery, and to corroborate and expand our findings in a larger sample of control children, and in children with some degree of intellectual disability or suffering of some neurodegenerative or psychiatric conditions.

Abstract The aim of the present investigation was to perform a flat plate solar collector numerical analysis by CFD, in addition to a comparison with experimental results. The working fluid reached a maximum outlet temperature of 20.16 °C at 12:00, the value of solar radiation was determined for the geographical coordinates latitude -0.2252 and longitude -77.84, similarly, at this time it was possible to obtain a collector surface temperature of 27.12 °C, as a peak value. The heat transfer device lowest performance was determined at 10:00 with an outlet water temperature value and maximum temperature at the collector surface of 18.65 and 20.48 °C, respectively. The experimental results showed a maximum temperature of 20.93 °C and a minimum temperature of 19.4 °C, resulting in a 4.01 % error between the computational simulation and the experimental data.